北京地坛公园
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省份: 北京市
城市: 东城区
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方泽坛
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| 方泽坛，为明清两代皇帝祭祀
“皇地?神” 之场所，因坛台周有方形泽渠，故称方泽 坛。始建于明嘉靖九年（公元1530），清乾隆十五年（公元1750）遵乾隆皇帝之旨谕进行改建，将黄琉璃砖坛面改换为艾青石坛面。现建筑为1981年按清乾隆时形制恢复。 坛平面呈方形，以象征“天圆地方”之传说。中心坛台分上下两层，周有泽渠、外有坛两重，四面各有棂星门。下层坛台南半部东西两侧各有一座山形纹石雕座，其上共设山形纹石神座十五尊，供祭祀时奉安五岳、五镇、五陵山之神位；北半部东西两侧各有一座水形纹石雕座,其上共设山形纹石神座八座，供祭祀奉安四海、四渎之神位，外?东北部为望灯 杆，与其对称的西北部原有瘗坎一处。 Square Water Altar (Fang Ze Tan) The Altar where Emperors in Ming and Qing Dynasties perform the ceremony of offering sacrifice to Earth has a surrounding ditch shaped into a square around the altar edge. So it is named Square Water Altar. The altar was firstly built in the 9th year of Emperor Jia Jing's reign in Ming Dynasty (1530), and was reconstructed the 15th year of Emperor Qian Long's reign in Qing Dynasty (1750) under instruction from the Emperor. The surface of the altar, which had been covered by yellow glazed bricks, became paved by light gray slabstones during the reconstruction. The current altar was rebuilt in 1981, following the style when it was under Emperor Qian Long's reign. The altar surface is of square shape, representing the ancient Chinese tale of “round heaven and square earth”. |
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神马殿
神马殿，始建于1530年，建筑为五开间悬山式绿琉璃顶。通面阔19.55米，每间面阔相
同，进深7.5米。外有壝墙。1999年进行挑顶大修。
Holy Horse Cote (Shen Ma Juan)
The Holy Horse Cote, roofed by green glazed tiles, covers an area
of 19.55 meters in total width and 7.5 meters in depth with its
five side-by-side rooms of same size. The Cote was built in the
year of 1530 and thoroughly mended in 1999.
皇祇室
皇祇室始建于明嘉靖九年（公元1530），是地坛的主要建筑之一。
明、清两代是供奉皇地祇神，五岳、五镇、四海、四渎、五陵山神位之所。
1925年地坛辟为“京兆公园”，曾在此设“通俗图书馆”，1986年秋定为“地坛文物陈列室”。
Earth God Worship House (Huang Qi Shi) and Di Tan Cultural &
Historical Relic Exhibition Room
Built in the 9th year of Emperor Jia Jing’s reign in Ming Dynasty
(1530), the Imperial Earth God Worship House is one of the main
buildings in Di Tan Park. It is the place where Chinese Earth God
and some other Chinese gods are worshiped by emperors in Ming and
Qing Dynasties.
In the year of 1925, Di Tan Park was named Jing Zhao Park, which
was open to the public and once a Popular Literature Library was
once established within. In the year of 1986, the library was
renovated into Di Tan Cultural & Historical Relic Exhibition
Room.
斋宫
斋宫为皇帝祭地时斋宿之所。清代顺治、康熙、雍正、乾隆、嘉庆各帝都曾在此斋宿。主体建筑坐西面东，由西、南、北三殿组成，始建于明嘉靖九年（1530年），清雍正八年
（1730年）重建。
Fast Palace (Zhai Gong)
The Fast Palace is the place for emperor’s fasting before the
ceremony of offering sacrifices to Earth. Emperor Shun Zhi, Kang
Xi, Yong Zheng, Qian Long, and Jia Qing in Qing Dynasty have all
lived here during their fast. With southern and northern side halls
located on its two sides, the western hall facing the east is the
main hall of the Palace. These three halls, main buildings of Fast
Palace, were firstly built in the 9th year of Emperor JiaJing’s
reign in Ming Dynasty (1530) and were rebuilt in the 8th year of
Emperor YongZheng’s reign in Qing Dynasty (1730).
宰牲亭
宰牲亭，是古代皇家祭地前宰杀祭祀用的牲畜（犊、冢、羊、鹿）的场所。每逢祭祀前一天子时初刻，在此举行宰牲仪式。门内两侧原有井亭各一座。
Slaughter Pavilion (Zai Sheng Ting)
The slaughter Pavilion is the place where animals (bulls, pigs,
goats, and deer) are slaughtered, on the day before the main
sacrificial rite day, as sacrificial offerings to Earth.
神库
建于明嘉靖九年（公元1530年），这组小建筑群是由四座五开间的悬山式大殿和两座井亭组成。正殿叫“神库”，是存放迎送神位用的凤亭（抬“皇地祇”神位的轿子）、龙亭（抬配位、从位诸神位的轿子）和遇皇祇室修缮时，临时供奉各神位的地方。东配殿叫“祭器库”，是存放祭祀所用的器皿用具的库房。西配殿叫“神厨”，是制作祭祀供品食物的地方。南殿叫“乐器库”，是存放祭祀所用乐器和乐舞生服的地方。东、西井亭专为方泽坛内泽渠注水和为神厨供水。南殿及两井亭于清乾隆十四年建成。
This small assortment of buildings, established in the 9th year
of Emperor Jia Jing’s reign in Ming Dynasty (1530), consists of
four big halls and two well pavilions. The main hall is called Holy
Storehouse (Shen Ku), which stores Feng Ting – a sedan chair used
to carry the enshrined god worship tablet for main Chinese Earth
God (Huang Di Qi), and Long Ting – a sedan chair for carrying god
worship tablets for side Chinese gods. The Holy Storehouse is also
used to keep worship tablets temporarily when the God Worship House
is under repair. The eastern side hall is called Sacrifice Utensils
Storehouse (Ji Qi Ku), where store utensils for sacrifice ceremony.
Musical instruments for the sacrifice ceremony are kept in the
southern side hall, the Musical Instrument Storehouse (Yue Qi Ku).
The western side hall, or Holy Kitchen (Shen Chu), is the place
where sacrificial offering foods are made. The western and eastern
well pavilions provide water respectively for Holy Kitchen and
ditch surrounding Square Water Altar.
牌楼
牌楼也称牌坊，是地坛主门—西门的第一座建筑物。明清两代皇帝到地坛祭地首先经过牌楼，再进坛门，地坛牌楼与颐和园东门外牌楼一样高大雄伟。明代始建时称“泰折街”牌坊，清代雍正年间重建时改为“广厚街”牌坊，由于自然条件和历史的原因，两个牌楼都没有保存下来。现在您所见到的牌楼，是我园根据清代乾隆时所建式样于1990年重新建设的，新建的牌楼高达13.5米，气势高大雄伟，绿色
的琉璃瓦面，彩画以本“天龙地凤”之说，绘以单凤图和牡丹图案，正面中心有“
地坛”二字，背面核心有“广厚街”字样。今天的牌楼已成为地坛公园重要景点之一。
钟楼
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钟楼，始建于1530年，为三开间歇山式绿琉璃顶的重檐正方形建筑，通面阔12米多。因年久失修，于1965年拆除。2000年按原样重建。钟高2.58米，直径1.56米，重2324千克，铭文铸“大明嘉靖年月日制”八个字。钟声宏亮浑厚。 Bell Tower (Zhong Lou) The Bell Tower, with green glazed tiles covered roof, consists of three side-by-side rooms and covers over 12 meters in total width. The tower was built in 1530 and demolished in 1965 after having long been neglected and out of repair. In the year of 2000, the building was restored exactly to its original style. The bell is of 2.58 meters height, 1.56 meters diameter, and 2324kg in weight. Inscribed on the bell body is the motto saying “made under the reign of Emperor JiaJing in Ming Dynasty”. The sounds of the bell is sonorous and full of strength. |
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牡丹园
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| 牡丹园是公园占地面积最大、植物品种最丰富，亭、廊、水榭、花架等园林小品最精致的园中园，园内通过整合的设计手法，遵循现已形成的园林布局，采用形态生动，布置形式灵活的自然山石与灌木相结合的形式来处理驳岸，与水榭保持景观风格的统一，充分体现出中国古典园林“师法自然”的造园思想。满足公园游人休闲、游赏、运动的功能，理顺游园的道路系统，完善休息设施，充分保留现存树木花草，全面恢复绿地景观，营造古韵幽深的园林景致，为游人创造一处良好的游览、休憩场所。 | |||||
自助旅游指南: 乘车路线：地坛西门：地铁、18、27、104、108、113、119、124、201、328、358、407、417（支）、758、803、850、858、912、415、847、849； 地坛南门：地铁、44、62、13、116、406、606、807。
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地址: 地铁或104、 108、13、18、27、116、 119、358路均可到达
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